All Issue

2024 Vol.56, Issue 2 Preview Page

Research Article

Preparation of Hydrophobic Cellulose Beads using Cellulose Dissolved in TEAH/Urea Solvent and AKD

TEAH/요소 용제에 용해된 셀룰로오스와 AKD를 이용한 소수성 셀룰로오스 비즈 제조

Minseok Jang1
,
Byoung-Uk Cho2†
장 민석1
,
조 병욱2†
1Dept. of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University
2Dept. of Paper Material Science & Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University
1강원대학교 산림환경과학대학 제지공학과, 학생
2강원대학교 산림환경과학대학 종이소재과학전공, 교수
†Corresponding author: E-Mail: bucho@kangwon.ac.kr (Address: Dept. of Paper Material Science & Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea)
30 April 2024. pp. 22-29
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

To expand the application of hydrophilic cellulose beads, we developed a technique to prepare hydrophobic cellulose beads with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The cellulose solution was prepared by dissolving chemical pulp in tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH)/urea solvent, followed by the addition of AKD to disperse it at room temperature. Cellulose beads were prepared by dropwise addition of the cellulose-AKD suspension into acetic acid solution, followed by washing and drying. The effects of AKD addition on the cellulose-AKD suspension and the properties of the AKD-modified cellulose beads were investigated. It was confirmed that the cellulose beads were chemically modified by AKD, resulting in enhanced hydrophobicity. The addition of AKD to the TEAH/urea/cellulose solution led to a reduction in viscosity and surface tension. Compared to unmodified cellulose beads, AKD-modified cellulose beads exhibited lower water retention value (WRV) and water absorption capacity, as well as increased oil absorption. They also exhibited relatively higher strength (lower deformation) when swollen in water.

Keywords
Cellulose beads
hydrophobic
AKD
WRV
water and oil absorption capacity
deformation
References
1

Leslie, H. A., Plastic in cosmetics: Are we polluting the environment through our personal care?, Report from United Nationals Environmental Programme (UNEP) (2015).

2

Ghosh, S., Sinha, J. K., Ghosh, S., Vashisth, K., Han, S., and Bhaskar, R., Microplastics as an emerging threat to the global environment and human health, Sustainability 15(14):10821 (2023).

10.3390/su151410821
3

Moon, S. M., Jeon, S. H., Eom, T., and Shim, B. S., Recent research trends in eco-friendly materials for solving environmental micro-plastic problems, Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry 22(2):25-43 (2019).

4

Choi, J. Y., A study on biopolymer as a future fiber material, Journal of the Korean Society Design Culture 18(1):481-493 (2012).

5

Klemm, D., Heublein, B., Fink, H. P., and Bohn, A., Cellulose: Fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44:3358-3393 (2005).

10.1002/anie.20046058715861454
6

Choi, K. H., Choi, J. S., Lee, C. W., Lee, K. S., and Ryu, J. Y., Study on the gas grafting efficiency of paper according to carbon number of fatty acid chloride, Journal of Korea TAPPI 52(4):5-11 (2020).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2020.08.52.4.5
7

Noh, K. H., Shin, Y. R., Kang, H. J., Kim, H. B., and Ryu, J. Y., Effect of hydrophobization of paper by gas grafting on physical properties of recycled paper, Journal of Korea TAPPI 55(2):3-9 (2023).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2023.4.55.2.3
8

Shin, Y. R., Noh, K. H., You, H. U., Kim, H. U., Lee, J. S., Ryu, J. Y., Study on dispersion characteristics of HwBKP hydrophobized by repeated gas grafting in polypropylene, Journal of Korea TAPPI 55(2):59-66 (2023).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2023.4.55.2.59
9

Jonoobi, M., Harun, J., Mathew, A. P., Hussein, M. Z. B., and Oksman, K., Preparation of cellulose nanofibers with hydrophobic surface characteristics, Cellulose 17:299-307 (2010).

10.1007/s10570-009-9387-9
10

Lee, Y., Kim, D., Eom, T. J., Lee, J. M., and Kim, K. J., Facile acetylation of woody biomass using a glycol ether solvent, Journal of Korea TAPPI 53(3):15-22 (2021).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2021.06.53.3.15
11

Andresen, M. and Stenius, P., Water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by hydrophobized micro-fibrillated cellulose, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 28(6):837-844 (2007).

10.1080/01932690701341827
12

Park, H., Yook, S., Park, S. Y., and Yoon, H. J., Hydrophobization of cellulose nanofibrils by silylation under an aqueous system, Journal of Korea TAPPI 50(3):72-77 (2018).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2018.06.50.3.72
13

Ekluan, D. and Lindstrom, T., Paper Chemistry: An Introduction, DT Paper Science, Grankulla, Finland, pp. 203-221 (1991).

14

Kim, D. H., Jo, H. M., Lee, S. H., and Lee, J. Y., Evaluation of hydrophobicization of cationic cellulose nanofibers depending on the type of rosin sizing agents, Journal of Korea TAPPI 54(2):51-57 (2022).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2022.04.54.2.51
15

Choi, Y. H., Lim, S. K., Shin, W. G., Shin, S. J., and Seong, H. A., Hydrophobic film by quaternary amine pretreated CNF and rosin, Journal of Korea TAPPI 55(6):130-137 (2023).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2023.12.55.6.130
16

Goo, S. I., Park, H. J., Yook, S. Y., Park, S. Y., and Youn. H. J., Preparation of hydrophobized cellulose nanofibril film with high strength using AKD, Journal of Korea TAPPI 50(6):34-41 (2018).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2018.12.50.6.34
17

Song, X., Chen, F., and Liu, F., Preparation and characterization of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) modified cellulose composite membrane, Carbohydrate Polymers 88(2):417-421 (2012).

10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.062
18

Yan, Y., Amer, H., Rosenau, T., Zollfrank, C., Dörrstein, J., Jobst, C., Zimmerman, T., Keckes, J., Veigel, S., Gindl-Altmutter, W., and Li, J., Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer, Cellulose 23(2):1189-1197 (2016).

10.1007/s10570-016-0887-0
19

Kim, Y. L., An, H. J., and Cho, B. U., Production of cellulose beads with TEAH-urea solvent and dropping technique: Effect of inner diameter of syringe needle, Journal of Korea TAPPI 52(6):149-156 (2020).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2020.12.52.6.149
20

Kim, Y. L., An, H. J., and Cho, B. U., Production of cellulose beads with tetraethylammonium hydroxide-urea solvent and dropping technique: Effects of concentration of cellulose solution, Journal of Korea TAPPI 53(1):83-89 (2021).

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2021.02.53.1.83
21

Xu, F. and Cho, B. U., Preparation of porous regeneraged cellulose microstructures via emulsion-coagulation technique, Cellulose 29(3):1527-1542 (2022).

10.1007/s10570-022-04428-6
22

Xu, F. and Cho, B. U., Preparation and optimization of porous regenerated cellulose microspheres from cellulose tetraethyl-ammonium/urea solution for adsorption of cationic methylene blue dye, BioResources 18(1):748-766 (2023).

10.15376/biores.18.1.748-766
23

KS M ISO 5351, Pulps - Determination of limiting viscosity number in cupri-ethylendi-amine (CED) solution, Korean Standards Association (2020).

24

Trygg, J., Trivedi, P., and Fardim, P., Controlled depolymerisation of cellulose to a given degree of polymerisation, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 50(5-6):557-567 (2016).

25

Sirviö, J. A., and Heiskanen, J. P., Room-temperature dissolution and chemical modification of cellulose in aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide-carbamide solutions, Cellulose 27(4):1933-1950 (2020).

10.1007/s10570-019-02907-x
26

TAPPI UM 256, Water retention value (WRV), Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, USA (2015).

27

EPA protocol, Moisture Absorption/Retention - Dry Starch Powders: Modified Teabag Method, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-09/documents/teabag.pdf.

28

Lv, Y., Wu, J., Zhang, J., Niu, Y., Liu, C. Y., He, J., and Zhang, J., Rheological properties of cellulose/ionic liquid/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, Polymer 53:2524-2531 (2012).

10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.037
29

Xi, Y., Zhang, L., Tian, Y., Song, J., Ma, J., and Wang, Z., Rapid dissolution of cellulose in an AlCl3/ZnCl2 aqueous system at room temperature and its versatile adaptability in functional materials, Green Chemistry 24:885-897 (2022).

10.1039/D1GC03918K
30

Kumar, S., Chauhan, V. S., and Chakrabarti, S. K., Separation and analysis techniques for bound and unbound alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in paper: A review, Arabian Journal of Chemistry 9:S1636-S1642 (2016).

10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.019
31

Gerstenhaber, D. A., Preparation of alkyl ketene dimers, Korea Patent KR20080085077A (2008).

32

Zhang, H., Kannangara, D., Hilder, M., Ettl, R., and Shen, W., The role of vapour deposition in the hydrophobization treatment of cellulose fibres using alkyl ketene dimers and alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 297(1-3):203-210 (2007).

10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.10.059
33

Seo, W. S., Cho, N. S., and Ohga, S., Possibility of hydrogen bonding between AKD and cellulose molecules during AKD sizing, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 53(2):405-410 (2008).

10.5109/12849
Information
  • Publisher :Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국펄프종이공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korea TAPPI
  • Journal Title(Ko) :펄프종이기술
  • Volume : 56
  • No :2
  • Pages :22-29
  • Received Date : 2024-04-05
  • Revised Date : 2024-04-15
  • Accepted Date : 2024-04-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7584/JKTAPPI.2024.4.56.2.22
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korea TAPPI Journal of Korea TAPPI
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close